— 安全與感染控制 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一名活動性肺結核病人，哪項介入措施對於防止感染傳播至關重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with active tuberculosis (TB). Which intervention is essential to prevent the spread of infection?
- APlace the client in a droplet precaution room將病人安置於飛沫隔離病房
- BWear a standard surgical mask when entering the room進入病房時佩戴標準外科口罩
- CMaintain a negative-pressure room and use N95 respirators✓ 正解維持負壓病房並使用 N95 呼吸器
- DAdminister prophylactic antibiotics to all staff對所有工作人員給予預防性抗生素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
肺結核經由空氣傳播（Airborne transmission），需放置於負壓隔離病房，且照護者必須配戴 N95 口罩。一般外科口罩無法過濾結核桿菌微粒，且飛沫隔離（Droplet precaution）不適用於空氣傳播病原體。預防性抗生素僅針對特定暴露者而非所有人員。
Tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne routes (Airborne transmission); the patient must be placed in a negative-pressure isolation room, and caregivers must wear N95 respirators. A regular surgical mask cannot filter tubercle bacillus particles, and droplet precautions are not appropriate for airborne pathogens. Prophylactic antibiotics are only given to specific exposed individuals, not all staff.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於肺結核負壓隔離的標準一致，但在結核病通報及個案管理系統上有法律架構差異。