— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位病人因高血壓服用呋塞米（Furosemide），哪些指標顯示藥物有效？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed furosemide for hypertension. Which findings indicate the medication is effective? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecrease in blood pressure✓ 正解血壓下降
- BIncreased urine output✓ 正解尿液排出量增加
- CDecrease in peripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫減少
- DIncreased serum potassium levels血清鉀濃度上升
- EWeight loss✓ 正解體重減輕
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
呋塞米作為環利尿劑，透過抑制鈉鉀氯轉運系統達到利尿降壓效果。有效治療表現為尿量增多、多餘水分排除導致體重減輕、水腫減緩及周邊血管阻力降低後的血壓下降。選項 D 錯誤，利尿劑通常會導致鉀離子流失而非升高。
Furosemide, as a loop diuretic, produces diuresis and lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the Na-K-2Cl cotransport system. Effective therapeutic effects include increased urine output, weight loss from elimination of excess fluid, reduction of edema, and a decrease in blood pressure following reduction of peripheral vascular resistance. Option D is incorrect because diuretics generally cause potassium loss rather than elevation.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床護理師常需更主動觀察電解質數值變化，因亞洲人種對利尿劑敏感度差異較大。