— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師向剛開立華法林（Warfarin）的病人進行衛教，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is educating a client who has been newly prescribed warfarin. Which instructions should be included? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素K豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BUse a soft-bristle toothbrush✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷
- CReport any unusual bleeding or bruising✓ 正解報告任何異常的出血或瘀青
- DTake an extra dose if an INR result is low若INR結果偏低，額外服用一劑
- EInform the dentist about warfarin use before procedures✓ 正解在接受牙科治療前告知牙醫正在服用華法林
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林作用受飲食中維生素 K 影響，故須維持攝取量恆定。因其增加出血風險，病患應採取保護措施（軟毛牙刷），並隨時注意出血徵兆。自行調整劑量是危險行為，必須由醫師根據 INR 值決策。進行牙科治療時務必告知醫師以防出血。
Clients prescribed warfarin should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods to prevent fluctuations in therapeutic levels and use soft-bristle toothbrushes to minimize gum trauma. They must report unusual bleeding or bruising as signs of potential toxicity and inform dentists about their medication before procedures to manage bleeding risks effectively.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於抗凝血衛教皆極為重視，但美國有更完善的藥師諮詢系統，台灣則較依賴護理師的口頭衛教與衛教單張。