護理師正在向一組家長衛教關於 4 個月大嬰兒的適齡活動。護理師應建議下列哪項活動？
A nurse is teaching a group of parents about the recommended age-appropriate activities for a 4-month-old infant. Which activity should the nurse suggest?
- AUsing a bright-colored mobile above the crib在嬰兒床上方使用鮮豔色彩的轉鈴
- BPlaying peek-a-boo玩躲貓貓遊戲
- CPlaying with large building blocks玩大型積木
- DGiving the infant a rattle to hold✓ 正解讓嬰兒手持搖鈴
核心概念在於 4 個月大嬰兒的發展里程碑。此階段嬰兒已具備初步的抓握反射（Grasp reflex）消失並轉為自主抓握，且視力逐漸成熟。正確答案 D 是最合適的，因為 4 個月大的嬰兒開始能主動抓握物體並放入口中探索，且喜歡發出聲響的玩具。選項 C（大積木）適合較大的幼兒（如 1 歲以上），因為需要更精細的平衡能力。選項 A（床邊轉鈴）雖然在新生兒期很常見，但 4 個月大嬰兒活動力增加，轉鈴反而可能造成扯落的安全風險。選項 B（躲貓貓）更適合已具備「物體恆存」概念的 6-10 個月嬰兒。臨床思路上，護理師應評估嬰兒的粗大與精細動作，並建議能促進感官發展且具備安全性的玩具，預防窒息或受傷。
The core concept involves the developmental milestones of a 4-month-old infant. At this stage, the grasp reflex has begun to disappear and is being replaced by voluntary grasping, and vision is gradually maturing. The correct answer D is most appropriate because a 4-month-old can actively grasp objects and bring them to the mouth for exploration and enjoys toys that make sounds. Option C (large blocks) is more appropriate for older children (e.g., over 1 year) who possess finer balance. Option A (crib mobile) is common in the neonatal period, but a 4-month-old's increased activity may pose a safety risk because the mobile could be pulled down. Option B (peek-a-boo) is more suitable for 6- to 10-month-old infants who have developed object permanence. Clinically, the nurse should assess the infant's gross and fine motor skills and recommend toys that promote sensory development and are safe, in order to prevent choking or injury.
在美國，AAP 建議 4-5 個月必須移除床邊轉鈴以防意外；台灣家長常將轉鈴掛至嬰兒會坐起為止。護理師需強調安全距離與適時移除的重要性。