一位 65 歲男性諮詢護理師關於大腸鏡檢查的頻率。根據一般風險個案的標準指引，正確的回覆為何？
A 65-year-old male client asks the nurse about the frequency of colonoscopy screenings. According to standard guidelines for a client with average risk, what is the correct response?
- AEvery 10 years✓ 正解每 10 年一次
- BEvery 5 years每 5 年一次
- CEvery year每年一次
- DEvery 3 years每 3 年一次
大腸癌篩檢是健康促進的重要環節。對於「一般風險」（Average risk）且前次檢查正常的成年人，大腸鏡（Colonoscopy）的標準建議頻率是每 10 年一次。正確答案 A 反映了現行主要醫學組織（如 ACS, USPSTF）的共識。選項 C（每年）通常是指糞便潛血檢查（FIT/gFOBT）。選項 B（每 5 年）可能是指乙狀結腸鏡檢查或電腦斷層大腸造影。臨床思路上，護理師必須確認病人的風險屬性：若有家族史、息肉病史或發炎性腸道疾病，檢查頻率需大幅提高。教育病人按時篩檢能有效在癌前病變期（息肉）就進行介入，這屬於二級預防的範疇，對於降低死亡率有顯著意義。
Colorectal cancer screening is an important element of health promotion. For an average-risk adult with a previously normal examination, the standard recommended interval for colonoscopy is every 10 years. The correct answer, A, reflects the consensus of the current major medical organizations (such as the ACS and the USPSTF). Option C (every year) typically applies to fecal occult blood testing (FIT/gFOBT). Option B (every 5 years) may refer to flexible sigmoidoscopy or CT colonography. Clinically, the nurse must confirm the patient's risk category: with a family history, a history of polyps, or inflammatory bowel disease, the screening interval needs to be considerably shorter. Teaching patients to undergo screening on schedule enables intervention at the precancerous (polyp) stage; this is secondary prevention and is clearly significant for reducing mortality.
美國 USPSTF 已將起始年齡降至 45 歲；台灣國健署目前補助 50-74 歲每兩年一次糞便潛血，若陽性才做大腸鏡。護理師需根據所在國家的政策提供具體建議。