12 個月大嬰兒的哪項評估發現需要護理師立即追蹤?
Which assessment finding in a 12-month-old infant requires immediate follow-up by the nurse?
- AThe infant pulls to stand and cruises along furniture but does not yet walk alone嬰兒會拉著東西站起來並扶著家具側走,但還不會獨自行走
- BThe infant cries when separated from the primary caregiver嬰兒與主要照顧者分開時哭泣
- CThe infant has not yet developed a pincer grasp嬰兒尚未發展出鉗狀抓握正確答案
- DThe infant's birth weight has tripled嬰兒體重已達出生時的三倍
- C嬰兒尚未發展出鉗狀抓握
依 CDC 2022 年改版的發展里程碑檢核表,12 個月大的動作發展項目共四項:扶物站起、扶著家具走(cruising)、由大人拿著杯子時能用無蓋杯喝水,以及用拇指與食指捏起小東西(鉗狀抓握)。 C 為正解:鉗狀抓握是 12 個月的里程碑項目,12 個月仍未出現代表精細動作發展落後於同齡多數孩子,應安排進一步評估。 A 正常:能扶物站起並扶著家具側走,正是 12 個月該有的表現;「放手獨走」在 2022 年改版後已不列為 12 個月的里程碑(舊版含糊的「可能會走幾步」字眼已刪除),因此還不會獨走並不是紅旗。 B 正常:與主要照顧者分離時哭泣是此年齡層典型的分離焦慮,屬正常的社會情緒發展。 D 正常:出生體重到 12 個月時約增為三倍,是預期中的生長表現。 提醒:CDC 2022 年改版把檢核標準由約第 50 百分位提高到約第 75 百分位(「大多數這個年齡的孩子都做得到」才列入),紅旗判準比舊版更保守,判讀時應以現行清單為準。
- A嬰兒會拉著東西站起來並扶著家具側走,但還不會獨自行走
扶物站立通常在 10 個月達成,12 個月若完全不行也需注意,但與精細動作的鉗狀抓握相比,後者更具神經學意義。
- B嬰兒與主要照顧者分開時哭泣
對主要照顧者產生分離焦慮是 10-18 個月嬰兒正常的認知與情感發展表現,顯示其已建立特定依附關係。
- C · 正確答案嬰兒尚未發展出鉗狀抓握
鉗狀抓握應在 10 個月前發展出來,12 個月若仍無法用指尖捏取小物件,屬於發展紅旗,需轉介醫師評估。
- D嬰兒體重已達出生時的三倍
嬰兒體重在 1 歲時達到出生時的三倍是健康成長的標準指標,這顯示營養攝取與吸收狀況良好。
美國 NCLEX 非常強調「Red Flags」的識別;台灣臨床實務中,家長常因過度保護或「大雞晚啼」觀念而忽略精細動作遲緩。護理師需運用標準化量表進行客觀溝通。
English explanation
Option C is correct because a pincer grasp, using the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, is a 12-month developmental milestone; its absence at 12 months suggests fine motor development behind that of most same-age children and requires further evaluation. The CDC 2022 checklist also includes pulling to stand, cruising while holding furniture, and drinking from an open cup while an adult holds it. Option A is incorrect because pulling to stand and cruising are expected at 12 months, whereas independent walking is not a listed 12-month milestone. Option B is incorrect because crying when separated from the primary caregiver reflects typical separation anxiety and normal social-emotional development at this age. Option D is incorrect because tripling birth weight by 12 months is an expected growth finding. The current checklist uses milestones achieved by about 75% of children of that age.
最近修訂:2026-08-26