護理師照護一位有躁動傾向的失智症老年病人，首要護理措施為何？

對於躁動（Agitation）的失智症病人，護理師應採取以病人為中心的評估方法。躁動通常是病人無法表達需求的一種行為表現，如疼痛、飢餓、環境溫度不適或噪音干擾。護理師應優先找出並移除這些誘發因子（Identify and remove the source of agitation）。約束（Restraints）與藥物（Sedatives）屬於最後的選擇，旨在盡量避免，因為約束會導致身體傷害與心理創傷，藥物則有增加跌倒與混亂的風險。

For a dementia patient who is agitated, the nurse should adopt a patient-centered assessment approach. Agitation is usually a behavioral expression of an unmet need that the patient cannot articulate, such as pain, hunger, uncomfortable environmental temperature, or noise. The nurse should first identify and remove the source of agitation. Restraints and sedatives are last-resort options to be avoided as much as possible, because restraints can cause physical injury and psychological trauma, and sedatives carry risks of falls and increased confusion.