一位病人醫囑為靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin）。為預防「紅人症候群」，護理師應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which actions should the nurse take to prevent Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AInfuse the medication over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解以至少60分鐘的時間輸注藥物
- BIncrease the concentration of the medication in the IV bag增加靜脈袋中藥物的濃度
- CAdminister an antihistamine prior to the dose✓ 正解在給藥前給予抗組織胺
- DMonitor for flushing, itching, and hypotension during infusion✓ 正解在輸注期間監測潮紅、搔癢和低血壓
- EFlush the IV line with normal saline before starting開始前以生理食鹽水沖洗靜脈管路
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注速度過快引起的組織胺釋放現象。防止此現象的標準作法是放慢輸注速度（至少一小時），並在必要時給予抗組織胺預防。過程中需密切觀察皮膚潮紅、低血壓與搔癢等臨床表徵。增加濃度會加重反應，故不可為之，沖洗管路則是例行操作，非防範此症候群之手段。
Red Man Syndrome is caused by histamine release due to rapid vancomycin infusion. The standard practice to prevent it is to slow the infusion (at least one hour) and, if necessary, premedicate with an antihistamine. The patient should be observed closely for clinical signs such as flushing, hypotension, and pruritus. Increasing the concentration would worsen the reaction and is unacceptable, and flushing the tubing is a routine action, not a means of preventing this syndrome.
台灣醫院常要求將 Vancomycin 以點滴泵浦（Infusion pump）精確控制時間，美國亦然。