— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
針對接受氯化鉀靜脈滴注的病人，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client receiving an IV infusion of potassium chloride? (Select all that apply.)
- AMonitor IV site for phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解監測靜脈注射部位是否有靜脈炎或滲漏
- BEnsure the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hr via peripheral line✓ 正解確保透過周邊靜脈輸注時，輸注速率不超過 10 mEq/hr
- CAdminister the medication via IV push to ensure rapid effect以靜脈推注方式給藥以確保快速療效
- DAssess the client's serum creatinine and urine output✓ 正解評估病人的血清肌酸酐值與尿量
- EAssess cardiac rhythm via continuous ECG monitoring✓ 正解透過持續心電圖監測來評估心律
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有極高血管刺激性，必須嚴格控制滴速（週邊靜脈通常限制 10 mEq/hr），並持續監測給藥部位。鉀離子經腎臟代謝，需確保腎功能。嚴禁靜脈推注（IV Push），否則會導致致命性心律不整，必須配合心電圖監測。
Potassium is highly irritating to blood vessels, so the infusion rate must be strictly controlled (typically limited to 10 mEq/hr via a peripheral line), and the infusion site must be continuously monitored. Because potassium is excreted by the kidneys, adequate renal function must be ensured. IV push administration is strictly prohibited, as it can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias; continuous ECG monitoring is required during administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴禁鉀離子靜脈推注。台灣臨床常將鉀離子加入點滴袋稀釋後給藥，美國護理師則常使用輸液幫浦設定嚴格限速。