一位第一型糖尿病病人血糖值為 350 mg/dL，護理師的首要介入措施為何？
A nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes who presents with a blood glucose of 350 mg/dL. Which nursing intervention is the priority?
- AAdminister long-acting insulin subcutaneously皮下給予長效型胰島素
- BInitiate an intravenous infusion of 0.9% normal saline✓ 正解開始輸注 0.9% 生理食鹽水
- CAdminister 50% dextrose IV push靜脈推注 50% 葡萄糖
- DPerform a fingerstick blood glucose every 4 hours每 4 小時進行指尖血糖檢測
高血糖狀況下，病人常伴隨脫水與代謝性酸中毒，首要步驟為恢復液體容積。透過靜脈輸注生理食鹽水，不僅能矯正脫水，還能降低血糖濃度並改善組織灌流，為後續胰島素治療做準備。C 錯誤（會惡化血糖）；C（需用速效胰島素）；D（頻率不足）。
In hyperglycemia, patients are often dehydrated and have metabolic acidosis, so the first step is to restore fluid volume. IV infusion of normal saline not only corrects dehydration but also lowers the blood-glucose concentration and improves tissue perfusion, preparing for subsequent insulin therapy. C is incorrect (it would worsen hyperglycemia); A is incorrect (rapid-acting insulin is needed); D is incorrect (the frequency of glucose checks is inadequate).
美台皆依循 DKA/HHS 治療指引，重點在於初期大量給予等張液體以恢復血流動力學。