— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
當病人服用抗凝血劑時，下列哪些藥物通常禁用或需謹慎使用？（選所有適合的）
Which medications are typically contraindicated or require caution when the patient is taking anticoagulants? (Select all that apply.)
- AAspirin✓ 正解阿斯匹靈
- BNSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen)✓ 正解非類固醇消炎藥（例如：布洛芬）
- CAcetaminophen乙醯胺酚
- DGinkgo biloba✓ 正解銀杏
- EGarlic supplements✓ 正解大蒜補充品
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗凝血劑（如 Warfarin 或新型口服抗凝血劑）會抑制凝血功能。阿斯匹靈與非類固醇消炎藥（NSAIDs）會抑制血小板凝集，增加大出血風險。銀杏與大蒜等天然補充劑亦具有抗血小板效用，合併使用會加劇出血風險。普拿疼（Acetaminophen）在低劑量下通常是安全的止痛選擇。
Anticoagulants (such as warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants) inhibit coagulation. Aspirin and NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation and increase the risk of major bleeding. Natural supplements such as ginkgo and garlic also have antiplatelet effects, and combined use further increases bleeding risk. Acetaminophen is generally a safe analgesic choice at low doses.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣民眾服用保健食品比例高，護理師衛教時更需特別詢問平時是否服用中草藥或保健品。