一位患有失智症的老年病患夜間在病房遊蕩。下列哪項護理措施對維護安全最有效？
An elderly patient with dementia has been wandering the unit at night. What is the most effective nursing intervention to ensure safety?
- ARequest a family member to stay with the patient請求家屬留在病人身邊
- BAdminister a PRN sedative at bedtime睡前給予 PRN 鎮靜劑
- CApply physical restraints to the bed對病床施加身體約束
- DPlace the patient in a room near the nurse's station✓ 正解將病人安置在護理站附近的病房
針對失智症（Dementia）病人的遊蕩（Wandering）行為，護理目標是「安全第一，限制最少」。將病人安排於護理站附近，能方便護理人員隨時觀察其動向，這屬於環境調整（Environmental Modification），比起身體約束（Restraint）更符合倫理與病人自主權，亦比藥物介入更安全，能避免藥物帶來的鎮靜副作用與跌倒風險。
For wandering behavior in clients with dementia, the nursing goal is 'safety first, with least restriction.' Placing the client in a room near the nurse's station allows nursing staff to observe the client's movements at any time. This is an environmental modification, which is more ethical and respectful of patient autonomy than physical restraints, and safer than pharmacological intervention, avoiding the sedating side effects and fall risk associated with medication.
美國醫院對於「身體約束」有極嚴格的法律規範（JCAHO標準），護理師必須證明已採取所有替代方案（如增加觀察、調整環境）無效後，才可申請約束醫囑。