一名 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現呼吸急促、心悸及強烈的瀕死感。護理師首要採取哪項措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, heart palpitations, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention is the highest priority for the nurse to implement?
- AAdminister the client's prn anxiolytic medication immediately立即給予病人按需使用的抗焦慮藥物
- BInstruct the client to breathe slowly into a paper bag指示病人對著紙袋緩慢呼吸
- CEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵病人討論焦慮的來源
- DRemain with the client and maintain a calm, quiet environment✓ 正解留在病人身邊並維持安靜平和的環境
恐慌發作（Panic attack）時，病人會出現強烈的生理與心理不適，護理師的首要任務是「提供安全感並減少環境刺激」。透過陪伴與冷靜的態度，能幫助病人穩定情緒並恢復對現實的控制感。紙袋呼吸法因可能導致二氧化碳堆積與缺氧，現已不再作為常規建議。藥物處置需醫師醫囑，討論焦慮源則需等到情緒平穩後方可進行。
During a panic attack, the client experiences intense physiologic and psychological distress; the nurse's first task is to provide a sense of safety and reduce environmental stimuli. Through presence and a calm demeanor, the nurse can help the client stabilize emotions and regain a sense of control over reality. Paper-bag breathing is no longer recommended as routine practice because it can cause CO2 retention and hypoxia. Pharmacologic management requires a physician's order, and discussion of the source of anxiety should be deferred until emotions are stabilized.