護理師準備執行全靜脈營養（TPN）輸注，哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer TPN. Which nursing actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- ACheck the solution against the physician's order✓ 正解核對溶液與醫師醫囑
- BUse an infusion pump for administration✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦進行輸注
- CMonitor blood glucose levels every 6 hours✓ 正解每 6 小時監測血糖
- DChange the IV tubing every 24 hours每 24 小時更換靜脈輸液管路
- EAdd new medications to the TPN bag if needed如有需要，將新藥物加入 TPN 袋中
TPN 是高濃度營養液，必須嚴格遵守：使用輸液幫浦確保速率精準（預防高血糖或代謝併發症）、核對醫囑（預防營養失調）、定時監測血糖（TPN含高糖）。管路依據院方政策通常 24 小時更換，但非絕對唯一法則（依成分而定），絕對禁止隨意添加藥物進 TPN 袋以防沉澱與配伍禁忌。
TPN is a highly concentrated nutritional solution and must be strictly managed: use an infusion pump to ensure accurate rate (preventing hyperglycemia or metabolic complications), verify orders (to prevent nutritional imbalance), and monitor blood glucose regularly (because TPN contains high glucose). Tubing is generally changed every 24 hours according to facility policy, but this is not absolute (depends on composition). Adding medications directly to the TPN bag is strictly prohibited to prevent precipitation and incompatibility.
台灣目前多由藥師調配 TPN，護理師主要負責給藥與監測；美國部分醫院有專門的營養支持護理師角色。