一位病人被診斷為急性胰臟炎。護理師應在護理計畫中優先考慮哪項措施？
A client is diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize in the plan of care?
- AEncouraging a high-carbohydrate diet鼓勵高碳水化合物飲食
- BMaintaining NPO (nothing by mouth) status✓ 正解維持禁食（NPO）狀態
- CMonitoring daily weights監測每日體重
- DAdministering oral enzymes with meals隨餐給予口服酵素
急性胰臟炎的核心治療原則是『讓胰臟休息』。當食物進入十二指腸時會刺激胰臟分泌消化酵素，在發炎狀態下，這些酵素會在胰臟內被激活導致自我消化（autodigestion），加劇疼痛與發炎。因此，禁食（NPO）是減少胰臟負擔的首要措施，通常還會搭配鼻胃管引流。選項 D 是針對慢性胰臟炎的長期管理；選項 A 會刺激分泌；選項 C 雖重要但非針對病因的優先急性處置。臨床思路上，先止痛並嚴格控制攝取，是防止病情惡化為壞死性胰臟炎的關鍵。
The core treatment principle of acute pancreatitis is to 'rest the pancreas.' When food enters the duodenum, it stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes; in an inflamed state, these enzymes become activated within the pancreas, causing autodigestion and worsening pain and inflammation. Therefore, NPO status is the priority intervention to reduce pancreatic stimulation, often combined with nasogastric drainage. Option D applies to long-term management of chronic pancreatitis; option A stimulates secretion; and option C, although important, is not the priority intervention targeting the cause in the acute phase. Clinically, controlling pain and strictly restricting intake first is key to preventing progression to necrotizing pancreatitis.
美國 NCLEX 考題常將 NPO 與止痛（如使用 Hydromorphone）並列為急性胰臟炎重點；台灣則會非常強調鼻胃管引流的護理，以及抽血監測 Amylase 和 Lipase 的變化數據。