護理師評估一位抗利尿激素分泌失調症 (SIADH) 的病人，應預期出現哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is assessing a client with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone). Which clinical findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
- AHyponatremia✓ 正解低血鈉
- BSerum hyperosmolality血清高滲透壓
- CDecreased urine output✓ 正解尿量減少
- DWeight gain without edema✓ 正解體重增加但無水腫
- EHigh urine specific gravity✓ 正解高尿比重
SIADH 是 ADH 分泌過多導致水分滯留，體內水分稀釋造成低血鈉（Hyponatremia）與血清滲透壓下降。過多水分滯留導致尿量減少，且尿液濃縮，比重升高。由於水分平均分布於細胞內外，臨床上通常不會見到顯著水腫，但可見體重增加。
SIADH involves excessive secretion of ADH leading to water retention; dilution of body fluids causes hyponatremia and a decreased serum osmolality. Excess water retention reduces urine output, and the urine is concentrated with an elevated specific gravity. Because water is distributed evenly across the intracellular and extracellular compartments, marked edema is typically not seen clinically, although weight gain is observed.
台美皆嚴格監控病人液體平衡，SIADH 病人需嚴格執行限水與嚴格紀錄出入量（I/O）。