護理師教導病人胃食道逆流（GERD）的管理，哪些指導是合適的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client about managing GERD. Which instructions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AEat small, frequent meals✓ 正解少量多餐
- BAvoid lying down for 2-3 hours after eating✓ 正解進食後 2-3 小時內避免躺臥
- CElevate the head of the bed✓ 正解墊高床頭
- DIncrease intake of caffeine and chocolate增加咖啡因和巧克力的攝取
- EWear loose-fitting clothing✓ 正解穿著寬鬆的衣物
胃食道逆流（GERD）的管理核心是減少胃酸逆流至食道。少量多餐可避免胃部過度擴張，減少胃內壓力。餐後避免平臥（至少 2-3 小時）是利用重力防止逆流。墊高床頭是改善夜間逆流的有效手段。穿著寬鬆衣物可減少腹內壓，避免對胃部造成壓迫。咖啡因與巧克力會放鬆食道下括約肌（LES），反而增加逆流機率，故應避免。護理指導應強調這些生活方式的改變。
The core of GERD management is to reduce reflux of gastric acid into the esophagus. Small, frequent meals prevent gastric overdistention and reduce intragastric pressure. Avoiding the supine position after meals (for at least 2-3 hours) uses gravity to prevent reflux. Elevating the head of the bed is an effective measure for relieving nighttime reflux. Wearing loose-fitting clothing reduces intra-abdominal pressure and avoids compression on the stomach. Caffeine and chocolate relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and therefore increase the likelihood of reflux and should be avoided. Nursing instruction should emphasize these lifestyle changes.