— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人正處於過度換氣狀態。護理師預期會評估到哪種酸鹼失衡？
A client is experiencing hyperventilation. What acid-base imbalance is the nurse likely to assess?
- ARespiratory alkalosis✓ 正解呼吸性鹼中毒
- BMetabolic acidosis代謝性酸中毒
- CMetabolic alkalosis代謝性鹼中毒
- DRespiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
過度換氣（Hyperventilation）導致體內大量二氧化碳（CO2）排出，血液 pH 值升高，形成呼吸性鹼中毒（Respiratory alkalosis）。CO2 是一種酸性物質，排出過多會導致酸鹼失衡。這類病人常見於焦慮、發燒或疼痛。護理師應指導病人控制呼吸速率，必要時使用紙袋呼吸或面罩以回收部分 CO2，使酸鹼值恢復正常。
Hyperventilation causes excessive elimination of carbon dioxide, a weak acid, leading to a decrease in blood acidity and a subsequent rise in pH levels. This physiological shift results in respiratory alkalosis, which is commonly associated with conditions such as anxiety, fever, or pain.