— 安全與感染控制 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應採取哪些措施以減少醫療照護相關感染（HAIs）？（選所有適合的）
Which actions should the nurse perform to reduce the risk of Health Care-Associated Infections (HAIs)? (Select all that apply.)
- APerform hand hygiene before and after client contact✓ 正解在接觸病人前後執行手部衛生
- BUse aseptic technique for invasive procedures✓ 正解對侵入性程序使用無菌技術
- CRecap needles after use for safety使用後重新套上針蓋以確保安全
- DDisinfect shared equipment between clients✓ 正解在病人之間消毒共用設備
- EWear gloves instead of washing hands戴手套代替洗手
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
預防 HAIs 的核心在於阻斷傳播鏈。洗手（五個時機點）、無菌技術（侵入性操作）、環境設備清潔是黃金準則。重新套上針蓋（Recapping）極易發生針扎，是嚴格禁止的行為。戴手套不能取代洗手，因手套可能有肉眼看不見的針孔。
Prevention of HAIs centers on breaking the chain of transmission. Hand hygiene (at the five moments), aseptic technique (for invasive procedures), and disinfection of environmental equipment are the gold standards. Recapping needles substantially increases the risk of needlestick injury and is strictly prohibited. Wearing gloves cannot replace handwashing, because gloves may have microscopic pinholes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對針扎預防有嚴格的針具安全裝置要求，台灣亦推行多年，但小診所針頭處理規範與落實度仍有改善空間。