護理師進行中心靜脈導管換藥。下列哪些動作符合最佳實務規範？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a dressing change on a central venous catheter. Which of the following actions indicates the nurse is following best practice guidelines? (Select all that apply.)
- APerforming hand hygiene before and after the procedure✓ 正解在操作前後執行手部衛生
- BWearing a clean, non-sterile glove to remove the old dressing✓ 正解戴乾淨的非無菌手套以移除舊敷料
- CApplying a sterile mask to the nurse and the client✓ 正解為護理師和病人戴上無菌口罩
- DUsing chlorhexidine to clean the insertion site✓ 正解使用氯己定（chlorhexidine）清潔插入部位
- EKeeping the insertion site covered with a transparent dressing✓ 正解以透明敷料覆蓋插入部位
中心靜脈導管（CVC）的換藥程序必須嚴格遵守無菌技術，以預防導管相關血液感染（CRBSI）。手部衛生是感染控制的基礎；移除舊敷料時使用乾淨手套可保護護理師；換藥時雙方佩戴口罩可防止飛沫污染；使用 Chlorhexidine 是目前實證醫學推薦的皮膚消毒液；使用透明敷料則能固定導管並監測穿刺部位。這些步驟皆符合實證照護標準。
Dressing changes for a central venous catheter (CVC) require strict aseptic technique to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). Hand hygiene is the foundation of infection control; clean gloves are appropriate when removing the old dressing to protect the nurse; both the nurse and the client should wear a mask to prevent droplet contamination; chlorhexidine is the evidence-based skin antiseptic of choice; a transparent dressing secures the catheter and allows monitoring of the insertion site. All of these steps comply with evidence-based standards of care.