— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位思覺失調症病人呈現社交退縮與情感平淡。下列哪項護理措施有助於支持其心理社會需求？
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting signs of social withdrawal and flat affect. Which nursing action supports the client's psychosocial needs?
- AEncourage the client to join a large group activity to build social skills鼓勵病人參加大型團體活動以建立社交技巧
- BConfront the client about their lack of motivation and hygiene指責病人缺乏動力和衛生習慣
- CUse simple, concrete language and spend short, frequent periods with the client✓ 正解使用簡單具體的語言，並與病人進行短頻繁的接觸
- DAsk the client to explain why they are feeling withdrawn詢問病人為何感到社交退縮
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
對於思覺失調症病人，透過短暫、頻繁的互動建立信任關係是最有效的策略。病人因認知與情緒表現受損，大量刺激（如大型活動）會造成壓力。簡單明確的溝通能降低焦慮；直接追問原因（why）會增加病人的防衛心；對抗式溝通則會破壞護病關係。
For a client with schizophrenia, building trust through brief, frequent interactions is the most effective strategy. Because cognition and emotional expression are impaired, large amounts of stimulation (such as large group activities) create stress. Simple, clear communication reduces anxiety; directly asking 'why' increases the client's defensiveness; and confrontational communication damages the nurse-client relationship.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院因護病比高，較難落實頻繁的一對一互動，多仰賴職能治療師協助；美國護理標準較強調在日常照護中主動進行這些社交互動。