護理師正在照顧一位有跌倒病史的病人。該病人被處方使用鴉片類止痛藥。下列哪項潛在副作用最可能增加跌倒風險？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of falls. The client is prescribed an opioid analgesic. Which potential side effect is most likely to increase the risk of falls?
- AItching搔癢
- BConstipation便秘
- CSedation✓ 正解鎮靜
- DNausea噁心
鴉片類止痛藥（Opioid Analgesics）透過作用於中樞神經系統產生止痛效果，其常見副作用包括鎮靜、呼吸抑制、便秘與噁心。對於有跌倒病史的病人，鎮靜作用（Sedation）會導致意識模糊、步態不穩與反應遲鈍，這是直接導致跌倒機率攀升的主因。護理師需評估病人的意識狀態與活動能力，採取預防措施。
Opioid analgesics produce their analgesic effect by acting on the central nervous system, and common side effects include sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, and nausea. For a client with a history of falls, sedation causes altered mental status, an unsteady gait, and slowed reflexes, which are the main causes of an increased fall rate. The nurse must assess the client's level of consciousness and mobility and implement preventive measures.