護理師準備進行肌肉注射（IM），哪項動作最能確保注射過程的安全？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular (IM) injection. Which action best ensures safety during the injection procedure?
- AAspirate before injecting all medications注射所有藥物前進行回抽
- BUse the Z-track technique for irritating medications✓ 正解對具刺激性藥物使用 Z 字型注射技術
- CRecap the needle after use to prevent injury使用後為針頭回套針蓋以防受傷
- DClean the site in a circular motion from inside to outside由內而外以圓形運動清潔注射部位
肌肉注射（IM）的安全關鍵在於確保藥物正確進入肌肉層且不刺激周邊組織。Z 字型注射法（Z-track technique）透過拉開皮膚，使針道在放開皮膚後呈「Z」字型閉鎖，有效防止藥物回滲至皮下組織，這對於具刺激性或會導致染色（如鐵劑）的藥物尤為重要。現代護理標準已不建議對大多數 IM 注射進行回抽（aspiration），除非特定藥物指引要求，因為這會增加組織受損與疼痛感。
The key to safe intramuscular (IM) injection is ensuring that the medication is delivered correctly into the muscle and does not irritate surrounding tissue. The Z-track technique pulls the skin to the side so that, after the needle is withdrawn and the skin is released, the needle track is sealed in a Z shape. This effectively prevents medication from leaking back into the subcutaneous tissue and is especially important for irritating or staining medications (such as iron preparations). Current nursing standards no longer recommend aspiration before most IM injections unless required by specific medication guidelines, because aspiration increases tissue trauma and pain.