— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
針對正在經歷急性酒精戒斷症狀的病人，護理師預期會給予下列哪種藥物？
Which of the following medications should the nurse expect to administer to a client experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal?
- AHaloperidolHaloperidol（氟哌啶醇）
- BChlordiazepoxide✓ 正解Chlordiazepoxide（氯氮䓬）
- CDisulfiramDisulfiram（雙硫侖）
- DNaltrexoneNaltrexone（納曲酮）
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性酒精戒斷症狀（如震顫、焦慮、抽搐）首選藥物為苯二氮平類（Benzodiazepines），如 Chlordiazepoxide 或 Diazepam。這些藥物能透過增加 GABA 受體的敏感度來緩解戒斷症狀並預防癲癇發作。其他選項如 Disulfiram 是用於維持戒酒的厭惡治療，而非急性戒斷處置。
Benzodiazepines such as chlordiazepoxide or diazepam are the first-line treatment for acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (tremor, anxiety, seizures). These agents increase the sensitivity of GABA receptors, alleviating withdrawal symptoms and preventing seizures. Other options, such as disulfiram, are used as aversion therapy to maintain abstinence and are not appropriate for acute withdrawal management.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院戒酒治療多涉及身心科會診，護理師在一般病房護理時，對於戒斷評估指標（如 CIWA-Ar）的使用程度與美國相當。