護理師準備對傷口感染病人投予萬古黴素（Vancomycin），下列哪些臨床發現顯示輸液速度可能過快？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin to a client with a wound infection. Which clinical observations indicate the infusion rate may be too fast? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解臉部和頸部潮紅
- CWheezing喘鳴
- DMuscle spasms in the chest and back✓ 正解胸部和背部的肌肉痙攣
- EGeneralized pruritus✓ 正解全身搔癢
快速輸注萬古黴素常導致「紅人症候群」（Red Man Syndrome），表現為臉頸部潮紅、低血壓、胸背部肌肉痙攣及全身瘙癢。此為組織胺釋放的類過敏反應，並非真正的藥物過敏。治療重點在於立即減慢輸注速度或暫停輸液，並依醫囑給予抗組織胺。氣喘通常與真正過敏相關，不屬於典型的紅人症。
Rapid infusion of vancomycin commonly causes Red Man syndrome, manifested as flushing of the face and neck, hypotension, chest and back muscle spasms, and generalized pruritus. It is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by histamine release, not a true drug allergy. Treatment focuses on immediately slowing or stopping the infusion and giving antihistamines as ordered. Asthma is typically associated with true allergic reactions and is not a typical feature of Red Man syndrome.
美台皆採行萬古黴素輸注至少 60 分鐘以上之規範，以預防此類副作用發生。