— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
病人獲醫囑服用華法林（Warfarin）。護理師應包含哪些飲食衛教內容？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed Warfarin. Which dietary instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods✓ 正解維持維生素 K 豐富食物的攝取量一致
- BAvoid increasing intake of dark green leafy vegetables✓ 正解避免增加深色葉菜類的攝取量
- CIncrease intake of cranberry juice to improve drug efficacy增加蔓越莓汁的攝取以增強藥物療效
- DReport any unusual bruising or bleeding to the healthcare provider✓ 正解向醫療保健提供者報告任何異常的瘀青或出血
- ELimit alcohol consumption due to risk of altered drug metabolism✓ 正解限制酒精攝取，因有改變藥物代謝的風險
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
華法林作用機轉為維生素 K 拮抗劑。病人不必完全避免維生素 K，但需保持攝取量穩定，以維持藥物濃度穩定。蔓越莓汁可能影響抗凝血效力，需避免。異常出血與瘀青是藥物過量的警訊。酒精會干擾肝臟代謝，增加出血風險，亦需限制。
Warfarin works as a vitamin K antagonist. The client does not need to completely avoid vitamin K, but intake should be kept consistent to maintain a stable drug effect. Cranberry juice may affect anticoagulation and should be avoided. Unusual bleeding or bruising is a warning sign of drug overdose. Alcohol interferes with hepatic metabolism, increases bleeding risk, and should also be limited.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣較強調避免深綠色蔬菜，但國際趨勢已轉向強調攝取量需穩定。