— 照護管理 · HARD · SATA —
哪些行動體現了護理長的有效領導力？（選所有適合的）
Which actions reflect effective leadership by a charge nurse? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncouraging team members to voice concerns during huddles✓ 正解鼓勵團隊成員在集會中表達疑慮
- BAssigning tasks based on the skill level of staff✓ 正解根據員工的技能水平指派任務
- CRemaining calm during a crisis situation✓ 正解在危機期間保持冷靜
- DBlaming staff for errors to prevent recurrence因錯誤而責備員工以防止再發生
- EProviding constructive feedback in private✓ 正解在私下提供建設性的回饋
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
有效的領導力包括促進溝通、合宜的授權（依能力分派）、危機處理中的冷靜沉穩，以及私下的建設性回饋。選項 D 是錯誤的，有效的品質管理應採取「不怪罪文化（Just Culture）」，聚焦於系統改進而非針對個人懲罰，以免引發隱瞞錯誤的惡性循環。
Effective leadership includes promoting communication, appropriate delegation (matching tasks to staff skill levels), remaining calm in a crisis, and providing constructive feedback in private. Option D is incorrect because effective quality management adopts a 'Just Culture' that focuses on system improvement rather than punishing individuals, which would otherwise produce a vicious cycle of concealing errors.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理文化極力推廣 Just Culture；台灣醫療體系中，懲罰性文化仍存在，護理長需持續努力推動更具建設性的管理模式。