護理師照護一位術後病人，該病人表達嚴重疼痛。下列哪項評估發現是疼痛最可靠的指標？
A nurse is caring for a client who is post-operative and experiencing severe pain. Which assessment finding is the most reliable indicator of pain?
- AIncreased heart rate and blood pressure心跳與血壓升高
- BThe client's self-report of pain✓ 正解病人對疼痛的自我報告
- CThe nurse's clinical judgment of the procedure護理師對手術程序的臨床判斷
- DObservation of facial grimacing觀察到面部扭曲
疼痛是主觀感受，病人的「自我報告」（self-report）被公認為疼痛評估的黃金標準（gold standard）。雖然生理指標（如心跳、血壓、表情）可作為輔助評估依據，但這些指標受多種因素影響，不具備疼痛評估的專一性（specificity）。護理師必須尊重病人的主觀感受，並使用標準化疼痛評估量表（如 0-10 數值量表）來客觀化其主觀陳述。
Pain is a subjective experience, and the patient's self-report is recognized as the gold standard for pain assessment. Although physiological indicators (such as heart rate, blood pressure, and facial expressions) may serve as supplementary assessment data, these indicators are influenced by many factors and lack specificity for pain assessment. The nurse must respect the patient's subjective experience and use standardized pain assessment scales (such as the 0-10 numeric rating scale) to objectify the subjective report.