護理師指導一位長途旅行者如何預防深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）。應包含下列哪些內容？
A nurse is educating a client about measures to reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during long-distance travel. Which should be included?
- ADrink plenty of water to maintain hydration✓ 正解攝取充足的水分以維持水合狀態。
- BKeep the legs crossed during the entire flight在整個飛行過程中保持雙腿交叉。
- CWear tight-fitting jeans to improve venous return穿著緊身的牛仔褲以促進靜脈回流。
- DAvoid moving the legs to prevent blood agitation避免移動腿部以防止血液攪動。
深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）的核心成因常與維爾修氏三要素（Virchow's Triad）有關：血流滯緩、血管內皮受損及血液高凝狀態。長途旅行中，長時間久坐會導致下肢靜脈回流受阻，增加血栓形成的風險。護理重點在於促進靜脈回流及維持血液流動性。正確的預防措施應鼓勵定時活動（如足踝幫浦運動）、穿著彈性襪（若有醫囑）以及維持充足水分攝取，以避免血液濃縮。
The core etiology of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is often related to Virchow's triad: venous stasis, vascular endothelial injury, and hypercoagulability. During long-distance travel, prolonged sitting impedes venous return in the lower extremities, increasing the risk of clot formation. The nursing focus is on promoting venous return and maintaining blood fluidity. Appropriate preventive measures should include encouraging periodic activity (such as ankle pump exercises), wearing compression stockings (if prescribed), and maintaining adequate hydration to prevent hemoconcentration.