— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
護理師協助一位患有針頭恐懼症的病人。下列哪些是「系統減敏法」的適當介入方式？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is working with a client who has a phobia of needles. Which interventions are appropriate for systematic desensitization? (Select all that apply.)
- ATeaching deep breathing and relaxation exercises✓ 正解教導深呼吸與放鬆練習
- BCreating a hierarchy of fear, from least to most distressing✓ 正解建立由輕到重的恐懼階梯清單
- CGradual exposure to the feared stimulus while relaxed✓ 正解在放鬆狀態下逐漸接觸令人恐懼的刺激物
- DForcing the client to look at needles until the fear disappears強迫病人直視針頭直到恐懼消失
- EAdministering high-dose sedatives before exposure在接觸刺激前給予高劑量鎮靜劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
系統減敏法包含三個步驟：放鬆練習（A）、建立階梯式恐懼清單（B）、在放鬆狀態下逐步曝露於恐懼刺激（C）。D為洪水法（Flooding），非系統減敏法；E不應使用藥物抑制恐懼，應培養病人自身之調節能力。
Systematic desensitization comprises three steps: relaxation training (A), creating a hierarchical list of fears (B), and gradual exposure to the feared stimulus while in a relaxed state (C). Option D describes flooding, not systematic desensitization; Option E should not use medication to suppress fear, as the goal is to develop the client's own self-regulation skills.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床護理師常需與心理師合作進行減敏，特別是在進行侵入性檢查前的準備工作。