— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一位酒精使用疾患的病人入院進行解毒。哪些徵象顯示酒精戒斷已開始？（選所有適合的）
A client with alcohol use disorder is admitted for detoxification. Which signs indicate the onset of alcohol withdrawal? (Select all that apply.)
- ADiaphoresis✓ 正解盜汗
- BTremors✓ 正解顫抖
- CBradycardia心動過緩
- DAgitation✓ 正解煩躁不安
- EHypertension✓ 正解高血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
酒精戒斷（Alcohol withdrawal）是由於中樞神經系統長期被抑制後突然移除酒精所導致的過度興奮狀態。其臨床表現多為自主神經系統過度活躍（Autonomic hyperactivity）以及神經興奮徵象。護理師需密切監測這些指標，以預防更嚴重的戒斷症狀如譫妄（Delirium tremens）。
Alcohol withdrawal results from the sudden removal of CNS depressants, leading to autonomic hyperactivity and central nervous system irritability. Key signs include diaphoresis, tremors, agitation, and hypertension, reflecting the body's rebound sympathetic response. Bradycardia is not associated with withdrawal; instead, tachycardia is typically observed.