— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病患入院時診斷為低血鉀，護理師在身體評估中應預期出現何種表現？
A client is admitted with hypokalemia. Which finding should the nurse expect during physical assessment?
- ATall, peaked T waves on the EKG心電圖上出現高大尖銳的T波
- BMuscle weakness and hypoactive bowel sounds✓ 正解肌肉無力與腸音減弱
- CHyperreflexia and irritability反射亢進與易怒
- DIncreased urinary output and thirst尿量增加與口渴
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血鉀影響平滑肌與骨骼肌的功能，常見表現包括骨骼肌無力、腸蠕動音減弱（嚴重甚至麻痺性腸阻塞）。心電圖表現為 T 波平坦或出現 U 波，而非高聳 T 波（高血鉀才會有）。反射減弱而非增強，且與尿量無直接相關。
Hypokalemia affects smooth and skeletal muscle function, commonly causing skeletal muscle weakness and hypoactive bowel sounds (and in severe cases, paralytic ileus). ECG findings include flattened T waves or the appearance of U waves, rather than tall peaked T waves (which are characteristic of hyperkalemia). Reflexes are diminished rather than increased, and there is no direct relationship with urine output.
✦ 台美臨床差異
無明顯差異，鉀離子補充皆需嚴格遵循醫囑並確認腎功能。