下列哪些評估結果顯示胸管引流病人可能出現併發症？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings indicate that a client with a chest tube is experiencing a potential complication? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinuous bubbling in the water seal chamber✓ 正解水封瓶內持續冒泡
- BSubcutaneous emphysema around the insertion site✓ 正解插管周圍出現皮下氣腫
- COscillation of the fluid in the water seal chamber水封瓶內液面隨呼吸波動
- DSudden decrease in drainage output in a post-thoracotomy client✓ 正解胸腔切除術後病人引流量突然減少
- ETracheal deviation toward the unaffected side✓ 正解氣管向未受損側偏移
胸管系統中，水封瓶持續氣泡（A）表示系統漏氣。插入處周圍皮下氣腫（B）代表空氣外洩至皮下組織。引流量驟減（D）可能暗示管路阻塞導致張力性氣胸。氣管偏移至健側（E）是張力性氣胸的晚期徵象。選項 C 的波動是正常呼吸週期，非併發症。
In a chest tube system, continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber (A) indicates an air leak in the system. Subcutaneous emphysema around the insertion site (B) indicates that air is leaking into subcutaneous tissue. A sudden decrease in drainage (D) may suggest tubing obstruction leading to tension pneumothorax. Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side (E) is a late sign of tension pneumothorax. Option C, oscillation of the fluid, reflects the normal respiratory cycle and is not a complication.
台美臨床對於胸管護理的觀察指標一致，但台灣護理記錄常強調紀錄氣泡型態與波動情況。