護理師照護一位 DIC 病人。哪項臨床發現最能提示此狀況？
The nurse is caring for a client with DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). Which clinical finding is most indicative of this condition?
- AProlonged PT and aPTT✓ 正解PT 和 aPTT 延長
- BDecreased D-dimerD-dimer 降低
- CIncreased platelet count血小板計數增加
- DElevated fibrinogen levels纖維蛋白原濃度升高
瀰漫性血管內凝血（Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, DIC）是一種嚴重的凝血功能障礙，通常是其他潛在疾病（如敗血症、創傷、惡性腫瘤）的併發症。其核心病理生理學是廣泛性凝血酶生成，導致全身微血管內形成微血栓，進而消耗大量的凝血因子和血小板。這種消耗性凝血病最終會導致凝血因子和血小板耗盡，造成全身性出血傾向。因此，DIC 的臨床表現往往是出血與血栓並存，但實驗室檢查結果能提供明確的診斷依據。
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a severe coagulopathy, usually complicating sepsis, trauma, or malignancy. Core pathophysiology: widespread thrombin generation produces microvascular thrombi throughout the body, consuming clotting factors and platelets. This consumption coagulopathy ultimately exhausts factors and platelets, producing systemic bleeding tendency. Clinical presentation is mixed bleeding and thrombosis, with characteristic lab findings supporting diagnosis.