— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師應提供長期使用類固醇藥物的病人哪些衛教？（選所有適合的）
Which instructions should a nurse provide to a client on long-term corticosteroid therapy? (Select all that apply.)
- ADo not stop the medication abruptly✓ 正解不要突然停止用藥
- BMonitor blood glucose levels✓ 正解監測血糖水平
- CIncrease sodium intake增加鈉攝取量
- DReport signs of infection immediately✓ 正解立即報告感染跡象
- ETake the medication on an empty stomach空腹服用藥物
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
長期類固醇治療會抑制腎上腺功能，突然停藥會導致致命的腎上腺危象。類固醇亦會造成高血糖與免疫抑制，增加感染風險，故需嚴密監測並即時就醫。鈉攝取應限制以防高血壓與水腫。類固醇常刺激胃黏膜，建議隨餐服用，不宜空腹。
Long-term corticosteroid therapy suppresses adrenal function; abrupt cessation can cause fatal adrenal crisis. Steroids also cause hyperglycemia and immunosuppression, increasing infection risk—so close monitoring and prompt reporting are essential. Sodium intake should be restricted to prevent hypertension and edema. Steroids irritate gastric mucosa; take with food rather than on an empty stomach.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於 steroid 衛教原則一致，但在美國，藥師（Pharmacist）常會主動加強參與此類長期服藥的用藥諮詢。