護理師準備為一名 C 型肝炎病人進行肌肉注射。注射完成後，處理使用過針頭的最安全方式為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client with hepatitis C. After the injection, what is the safest way for the nurse to handle the used needle?
- AActivate the needle's safety mechanism and place it in a sharps container.✓ 正解啟動針頭的安全機制並將其放入利器盒。
- BPlace the needle on the bedside table and dispose of it later.將針頭放在床頭櫃上，稍後再處理。
- CDetach the needle from the syringe before disposal.丟棄前先將針頭從針筒上拆下。
- DRecap the needle using a two-handed technique.使用雙手技術重新套上針頭保護帽。
針扎傷是護理人員面臨血體液傳染病（如 HIV、B 肝、A 肝）風險的主要原因。現代醫療器材設計了多種安全機制（Safety mechanisms），旨在減少暴露風險。正確的標準操作程序是：在針頭離開病人皮膚後，立即啟動安全裝置（如推動滑蓋或按壓回縮鍵），並『不經回套』直接丟入堅硬、防穿刺的針頭收集罐（Sharps container）。選項 D（雙手回套）是導致針扎最常見的原因，絕對禁止。選項 B 會增加環境污染風險。選項 C（拆卸針頭）則增加了手部近距離接觸污染針尖的機會，極度危險。安全文化的核心在於利用工程控制（Engineering controls）來降低人為失誤。
Needlestick injury is the principal cause of nurses' exposure to bloodborne infectious diseases (such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C). Modern medical devices are equipped with various safety mechanisms designed to reduce exposure risk. The correct standard operating procedure is: as soon as the needle leaves the patient's skin, activate the safety device immediately (such as advancing a sliding shield or pressing a retraction button) and discard the needle, without recapping, directly into a rigid, puncture-resistant sharps container. Option D (two-handed recapping) is the most common cause of needlestick injury and is absolutely prohibited. Option B increases the risk of environmental contamination. Option C (disassembling the needle) increases the chance of close hand contact with the contaminated needle tip and is extremely dangerous. The core of safety culture is to use engineering controls to reduce human error.
美國於 2000 年通過了《針刺安全與預防法》，強制醫療機構使用安全針具。台灣雖然近年也全面推廣安全針具，但在部分基層診所或特定單位，傳統針頭的使用仍存，護理師在不同職場切換時，必須堅持不回套原則。