— 降低風險 · HARD · SATA —
護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀。哪些措施是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride intravenously to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions are appropriate? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister via a peripheral IV line at a rate of 40 mEq/hr經周邊靜脈導管以每小時 40 mEq 速率給藥
- BEnsure the medication is diluted in a 100 mL IV bag確保藥物稀釋於 100 mL 靜脈輸液袋中
- CAssess the IV site frequently for phlebitis or infiltration✓ 正解經常評估靜脈穿刺處是否有靜脈炎或滲漏
- DUse an infusion pump to regulate the delivery rate✓ 正解使用輸液幫浦調節給藥速率
- EVerify that the client has adequate urine output before starting✓ 正解開始給藥前確認病人有足夠的尿量
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子具有強烈刺激性，靜脈輸注時必須嚴格控制速度（通常不超過 10-20 mEq/hr）並稀釋。使用輸液泵是強制性的，且必須嚴密監測輸液部位。輸注鉀離子前，必須確認病人腎功能正常（有足夠尿量），以防高血鉀引發心律不整。
Potassium ions are highly irritating, and IV infusion must be strictly rate-controlled (generally not more than 10-20 mEq/hr) and diluted. The use of an infusion pump is mandatory, and the infusion site must be closely monitored. Before infusing potassium, normal renal function (with adequate urine output) must be confirmed in the patient to prevent hyperkalemia-induced arrhythmias.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地對鉀離子給藥的警覺性皆極高，但美國常將鉀離子視為高危險藥物，需雙人核對與嚴格儀器設定。