— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一名高血鉀病人。應預期病人出現哪些心電圖變化？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with hyperkalemia. Which ECG changes should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)
- ATall, peaked T waves✓ 正解高大且尖銳的 T 波
- BProlonged PR interval✓ 正解PR 間期延長
- CShortened QT intervalQT 間期縮短
- DWidened QRS complex✓ 正解QRS 複合波變寬
- EST segment depressionST 段壓低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
高血鉀會影響心肌去極化與再極化過程。典型的 ECG 變化依序為：T 波高尖（早期）、PR 間期延長、QRS 波群變寬，最終可能進展為心室顫動或心搏停止。QT 間期通常會縮短，而非延長，ST 波段壓低則多見於低血鉀。
Hyperkalemia affects myocardial depolarization and repolarization. Typical ECG changes occur in the following order: tall, peaked T waves (early), prolonged PR interval, widened QRS complex, and eventually possible progression to ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest. The QT interval typically shortens rather than prolongs, and ST segment depression is more often seen in hypokalemia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美兩地護理師對 ECG 異常的監測與通報標準一致，皆需優先評估心律不整並採取急救準備。