— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些徵象代表術後病人發生早期低血容性休克？（選所有適合的）
Which signs are indicative of early hypovolemic shock in a post-surgical client? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BIncreased urine output尿量增加
- CRestlessness or anxiety✓ 正解煩躁或焦慮
- DCool, clammy skin✓ 正解皮膚濕冷
- EHypertension高血壓
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容性休克早期代償表現包含：A 心跳加速（補償心輸出量下降）；C 腦部灌流輕微下降導致的焦慮躁動；D 皮膚血管收縮導致的濕冷。B 尿量會隨腎血流灌注下降而減少（少尿）；E 血壓通常會先維持或下降，不會上升。
Early compensatory manifestations of hypovolemic shock include: A, tachycardia (to compensate for decreased cardiac output); C, restlessness or anxiety due to mild reduction in cerebral perfusion; and D, cool, clammy skin from peripheral vasoconstriction. B, urine output decreases (oliguria) as renal perfusion falls; E, blood pressure typically remains stable or decreases initially and does not rise.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院廣泛使用 MEWS（改良早期預警分數）來捕捉這些徵象，台灣醫院亦引進相似系統，但應用普及度因院而異。