— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師照護一位心衰竭病人，哪項指導對於預防病情失代償最為優先？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure. Which instruction is priority to prevent decompensation?
- AIncrease daily fluid intake增加每日液體攝取量
- BRestrict dietary sodium intake✓ 正解限制飲食鈉攝取量
- CStop taking prescribed diuretics停止服用處方利尿劑
- DEngage in strenuous physical activity從事劇烈的體育活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
心臟衰竭（Heart Failure）病人因心肌收縮力減弱，導致體液滯留（Fluid retention）。攝取過多鈉離子會造成水分滯留、血容積增加，進而增加心臟前負荷（Preload），導致心衰竭急性惡化（Decompensation）。因此，限制鈉攝取是預防病情惡化的最基礎且最重要的生活型態調整。
In heart failure, reduced myocardial contractility leads to fluid retention. Excessive sodium intake causes water retention and increases blood volume, raising cardiac preload and precipitating acute decompensation. Restricting dietary sodium is therefore the most fundamental and important lifestyle modification for preventing worsening heart failure.