— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人獲醫囑開立靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin），採取何項行動可預防「紅人症候群」？
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which action is essential to prevent 'Red Man Syndrome'?
- ACheck the client's hearing acuity檢查病人的聽力敏感度
- BMonitor serum creatinine levels監測血清肌酸酐濃度
- CPre-medicate with an antihistamine預先用抗組織胺給藥
- DAdminister the drug over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解至少以 60 分鐘的時間給藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注速度過快引發的組織胺釋放反應，表現為上半身潮紅、搔癢。預防的最佳方式是延長輸注時間至至少 60 分鐘以上，使血中濃度平穩上升。C 選項雖有緩解作用，但非預防的首要措施；A 與 B 則分別用於預防耳毒性與腎毒性。
Red Man Syndrome is a histamine-release reaction caused by overly rapid infusion of vancomycin, manifesting as flushing and itching of the upper body. The best preventive measure is to extend the infusion time to at least 60 minutes, allowing a steady rise in serum drug concentration. Option C may provide symptomatic relief but is not the primary preventive measure. Options A and B are used to prevent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, respectively.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美方護理師常依據給藥指引自行調整輸注速率，台灣醫院則多要求嚴格遵守給藥時間表。