護理師照護一名上長腿石膏的病人。哪項評估結果應優先回報?
A nurse is caring for a client with a full-leg cast. Which assessment finding is the priority for the nurse to report?
- ACast feels warm to the touch while drying石膏在乾燥過程中觸摸時感覺溫熱
- BIncreased itching under the cast石膏下方搔癢感增加
- CSmall spot of dried blood on the cast surface石膏表面有少量乾涸血漬
- DInability to wiggle toes✓ 正解無法活動腳趾
當病人肢體打上石膏後,護理師的首要任務是持續評估遠端肢體的循環、感覺和運動功能,以早期發現潛在的併發症,特別是腔室症候群(compartment syndrome)。腔室症候群是一種嚴重的肢體威脅性狀況,當石膏內部的壓力增加,壓迫到血管和神經時會發生。無法活動腳趾(inability to wiggle toes)是神經受壓或肌肉缺血的關鍵徵兆,可能提示嚴重的腔室症候群或周邊神經損傷,必須立即回報醫師。 臨床思路方面,護理師應優先處理危及肢體功能的潛在問題。評估遠端肢體的「5Ps」:疼痛(Pain)、蒼白(Pallor)、感覺異常(Paresthesia)、脈搏消失(Pulselessness)、麻痺(Paralysis),其中麻痺(如無法活動腳趾)是晚期但嚴重的徵兆,需要緊急介入。
The inability to wiggle toes indicates loss of motor function, which is a late sign of neurovascular compromise such as compartment syndrome. This finding requires immediate reporting to prevent permanent tissue damage, whereas warmth during drying, itching, and minor dried blood spots are expected or less urgent findings.
美國強調 6 Ps 評估神經血管狀態;台灣臨床亦使用此評估,但常簡稱為「血液循環」評估。