— 基本照護與舒適 · MEDIUM · SATA —
對於高燒病人，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client with hyperthermia? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister antipyretics✓ 正解給予解熱劑
- BIncrease fluid intake✓ 正解增加液體攝取
- CApply cool, moist compresses✓ 正解敷冷溼毛巾
- DApply an ice bath to rapidly cool使用冰水浴快速降溫
- EProvide a blanket if the client has chills✓ 正解若病人有畏寒，提供毯子保暖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
處理高燒：退燒藥（A）降低體溫中樞設定點；補水（B）預防脫水；濕敷（C）物理散熱；寒顫（Chills）時給予毛毯是為了減少代謝增加的熱量產生（A+C 組合較合理，但在寒顫期應先保暖）。冰水浴（D）會引發嚴重寒顫與血管收縮，使深部體溫不降反升，應避免。
Administering antipyretics helps reduce fever by resetting the hypothalamic set point, while increasing fluid intake prevents dehydration caused by perspiration. Applying cool, moist compresses facilitates physical heat dissipation through evaporation. Providing a blanket during chills reduces shivering, which otherwise increases metabolic heat production.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國傾向較保守物理退燒；台灣臨床有時習慣使用酒精擦拭（現行已禁止）或給予冷水，現正轉型為溫水擦拭。