一位病患預定進行需注入顯影劑的診斷檢查，護理師首要評估為何？
A client is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure requiring contrast dye. What is the nurse's priority assessment?
- ACurrent blood glucose level目前血糖值
- BPresence of peripheral pulses周邊脈搏的存在與否
- CHistory of shellfish allergy貝殼類過敏史
- DSerum creatinine and GFR levels✓ 正解血清肌酸酐與腎絲球過濾率（GFR）值
在進行需使用顯影劑（Contrast dye）的診斷檢查（如 CT scan）前，腎功能是決定檢查安全性的關鍵指標。顯影劑主要經由腎臟排泄，若病人存在腎功能不全（GFR 降低或肌酸酐升高），會增加顯影劑誘發性腎病（Contrast-Induced Nephropathy, CIN）的風險，甚至可能導致急性腎損傷（AKI）。
Before performing a diagnostic procedure that requires contrast dye (such as a CT scan), renal function is the key indicator that determines the safety of the test. Contrast dye is primarily excreted by the kidneys; if the client has renal insufficiency (decreased GFR or elevated creatinine), the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is increased, and acute kidney injury (AKI) may even occur.
在美國，這類檢查前常有嚴格的 Protocol，若 GFR 低於特定數值（通常為 30-45 mL/min/1.73m²），必須先與醫師確認是否預先給予靜脈輸液（Hydration）以保護腎臟。