— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
針對急性胰臟炎的病患，下列哪些護理措施是適當的？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply.)
- AMaintain NPO status✓ 正解維持禁食狀態
- BAdminister IV fluids as prescribed✓ 正解依處方給予靜脈輸液
- CEncourage high-fat meals for caloric intake鼓勵攝取高脂飲食以增加熱量
- DMonitor for signs of respiratory distress✓ 正解監測呼吸困難跡象
- EAssess pain level regularly✓ 正解定期評估疼痛程度
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎的治療目標是「讓胰臟休息（Pancreatic rest）」。透過禁食（NPO）減少胰液分泌，並給予靜脈輸液維持電解質平衡，是治療的核心。此外，急性胰臟炎易引發全身性發炎反應，可能導致急性呼吸窘迫症候群（ARDS），因此監測呼吸狀態至關重要。疼痛控制則是為了減輕交感神經刺激，改善病人的舒適度與預後。
The goal in acute pancreatitis is to rest the pancreas. NPO status reduces enzyme secretion, and IV fluids maintain electrolyte balance and prevent hypovolemic shock. Acute pancreatitis can trigger systemic inflammation and ARDS, so respiratory monitoring is critical. Pain control reduces sympathetic stimulation and improves outcomes.