— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位病人正經歷急性氣喘發作，護理師優先採取的介入措施為何？
A client is experiencing an acute asthma attack. What is the priority intervention for this client?
- APerform chest physiotherapy執行胸部物理治療
- BAdminister inhaled short-acting beta-agonist✓ 正解給予吸入型短效乙二型促進劑
- CProvide a high-protein snack提供高蛋白點心
- DAdminister IV antibiotics給予靜脈注射抗生素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氣喘發作核心問題是支氣管平滑肌收縮導致氣道狹窄。短效型支氣管擴張劑（SABA）能迅速緩解痙攣，恢復通氣，為急性期首選。胸腔物理治療會增加氣道負荷，抗生素僅用於細菌感染，與急性發作的氣道阻塞無直接關聯。
The core problem in an acute asthma attack is bronchospasm causing airway narrowing. A short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) rapidly relaxes the smooth muscle and restores airflow, making it the first-line intervention. Chest physiotherapy increases work of breathing, antibiotics are only indicated for infection, and the other options do not address the immediate airway obstruction.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國護理師常依據訂定好的氣喘護理計畫（Asthma Action Plan）直接給藥；台灣多依照醫師處方開立噴霧治療。