護理師指導一位第一型糖尿病病人「生病期間的處理原則」，應包含哪些內容？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a client with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus about sick day rules. Which instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- AContinue taking insulin even if you are not eating✓ 正解即使不吃東西也要繼續注射胰島素
- BTest blood glucose every 3 to 4 hours✓ 正解每3到4小時測試一次血糖
- CCheck urine for ketones if blood glucose is > 240 mg/dL✓ 正解如果血糖大於240 mg/dL，請檢查尿液中的酮體
- DDrink fluids containing sugar if unable to eat solid foods如果無法進食固體食物，請飲用含糖液體
- ECall the provider if vomiting occurs more than once✓ 正解如果嘔吐超過一次，請聯繫醫師
生病期間體內壓力賀爾蒙上升，血糖會飆高，即使食慾不振仍需胰島素。應增加監測頻率，若血糖持續超過 240 mg/dL 需驗尿酮以防酮酸中毒。當病人出現嘔吐、無法進食或酮尿時，需立即與醫療團隊聯繫。注意：D 選項若血糖極高時應補充水分而非含糖飲料。
During illness, stress hormones rise and blood glucose tends to climb, so insulin is still required even when appetite is poor. Monitoring frequency should be increased, and if blood glucose remains above 240 mg/dL, urine should be checked for ketones to identify impending diabetic ketoacidosis. The client should contact the health care provider immediately when vomiting, inability to eat, or ketonuria occurs. Note: option D is misleading because when blood glucose is very high, fluids without sugar (rather than sugared fluids) should be encouraged.
美國有完善的 Sick Day Protocol 衛教單張，台灣臨床則較多依賴個別護理師的衛教能力與經驗。