護理師評估病人是否有深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）。下列何者為 DVT 的臨床表現？
A nurse is assessing a client for signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which finding is a clinical manifestation of DVT?
- AUnilateral calf swelling and tenderness✓ 正解單側小腿腫脹與壓痛
- BCool skin temperature of the extremity肢體皮膚溫度冰冷
- CDiminished pedal pulses足背脈搏減弱
- DPallor of the affected limb患肢蒼白
深部靜脈栓塞（DVT）的臨床表現源於靜脈血液回流受阻，導致遠端血液瘀積。經典的 Virchow's Triad（血管內皮損傷、血流停滯、血液高凝狀態）解釋了其病理機轉。常見症狀為患肢單側腫脹、疼痛、壓痛及局部溫度升高（發炎反應）。護理師在評估時應特別注意單側肢體的對比，以區分深部靜脈問題與動脈供血不足。
The clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) arise from obstruction of venous return, leading to distal venous stasis. The classic Virchow's triad (endothelial injury, blood stasis, hypercoagulability) explains the pathologic mechanism. Common symptoms are unilateral swelling, pain, tenderness, and localized warmth (inflammatory response) of the affected limb. During assessment, the nurse should pay particular attention to differences between the two limbs in order to distinguish deep venous problems from arterial insufficiency.