一名有心臟衰竭病史的病患主訴突然呼吸困難，並咳出粉紅色泡沫狀痰液。護理師應首先採取哪項行動？
A client with a history of heart failure reports a sudden onset of shortness of breath and a cough productive of frothy, pink-tinged sputum. Which action should the nurse take first?
- APosition the client in High-Fowler's with legs dangling✓ 正解讓病人採取高福勒氏臥位並雙腿下垂
- BPerform a rapid physical assessment of the lungs快速進行肺部身體評估
- CAdminister the prescribed dose of nitroglycerin sublingually給予處方的硝酸甘油舌下含服
- DObtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample抽取動脈血液氣體（ABG）樣本
粉紅色泡沫痰與急性呼吸困難是「急性肺水腫」的典型表現。這是內科急症，首要目標是減少靜脈回流（Preload）以減輕心臟負擔。將病患置於高坐臥位（High-Fowler's）並讓雙腿下垂，利用重力使血液蓄積在下肢，減少回流至心臟與肺部的血量，能最迅速地改善呼吸窘迫。雖然給予硝酸甘油（C）能擴張血管，但物理性的姿勢調整更為即時且不需等待藥物作用。ABG（D）與聽診（B）雖然必要，但在緊急穩定病患呼吸狀況之後才進行。
Pink, frothy sputum together with acute dyspnea is the hallmark of acute pulmonary edema. This is a medical emergency, and the primary goal is to reduce venous return (preload) and decrease cardiac workload. Placing the client in High-Fowler's position with the legs dangling uses gravity to pool blood in the lower extremities, decreasing the volume returning to the heart and lungs and rapidly improving respiratory distress. Although nitroglycerin (C) dilates blood vessels, repositioning is more immediate and does not require waiting for medication onset. Obtaining an ABG (D) and lung auscultation (B) are necessary, but only after stabilizing the client's respiratory status.
美國 NCLEX 非常強調利用重力（Gravity）來處理前負荷問題；台灣臨床實務中，護理師在調整姿勢的同時，會立即準備氧氣面罩（Non-rebreather）並同步呼救，處置速度極快。