病人疑似心肌梗塞入院。哪種心肌酶是判斷心肌受損最具特異性的指標？
A client is admitted with a diagnosis of rule-out myocardial infarction (MI). Which cardiac enzyme is the most specific indicator of cardiac muscle damage?
- ACreatine kinase (CK-MB)肌酸激酶 (CK-MB)
- BTroponin I✓ 正解肌鈣蛋白 I
- CMyoglobin肌紅蛋白
- DLactate dehydrogenase (LDH)乳酸脫氫酶 (LDH)
心肌梗塞 (myocardial infarction, MI) 的診斷依賴於臨床症狀、心電圖 (ECG) 變化和心肌生物標誌物 (cardiac biomarkers) 的升高。在眾多心肌酶中，尋找對心肌損傷特異性高且敏感度強的指標至關重要，這有助於早期、準確地診斷 MI，並區分心肌損傷與其他非心臟性疾病。了解不同心肌酶的特性，是護理師在評估疑似 MI 病人時的必備知識。
The diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) relies on clinical symptoms, ECG changes, and elevation of cardiac biomarkers. Among the cardiac markers, a high-specificity and high-sensitivity indicator is critical for early and accurate diagnosis of MI and for distinguishing cardiac injury from other non-cardiac conditions. Knowing the properties of each marker is essential nursing knowledge when assessing a patient with suspected MI.
在心肌梗塞的診斷流程中，心肌酶的檢測和判讀在台灣與美國的臨床實踐中是高度一致的。肌鈣蛋白 (Troponin) 作為診斷心肌梗塞最特異和敏感的生物標誌物，其重要性在全球範圍內都已確立。無論在哪個國家，護理師都需熟知這些指標的意義，並在病人出現相關症狀時，依據醫師醫囑監測並解讀檢驗結果，以便及早發現和處置。